PGT-Chemistry Syllabus

UP-PGT Chemistry syllabus

(A) Physical Chemistry

Gaseous State-

● Molecular kinetic theory of gases ● Derivation of kinetic equations and verification of gas laws ● Details of molecular velocity ● Heat absorption of gases ● Energy Distribution rules ● Molecular collision and Transport phenomena ● Mean free path ● Collision diameter ● Non-ideal gases, van der Waals equation and other equations of state ● Other corresponding state Laws of liquefaction of gases.

Liquid state-

● Molecular force in liquids ● Vapour pressure of liquids and effect of temperature on vapour pressure ● Surface tension and viscosity of liquids and effect of temperature on them.

Solid state-

● Crystals shape and symmetry ● Space conductor and unit cell ● Miller Indices ● different crystal system ● Bragg equation ● NaCl – structure, bonding of atoms in cubic bodies, arrangement of atom in cubic crystal system and crystal defects.

Colloidal state-

● Hydrophilic and hydrophobic colloids ● Formation and properties of colloids ● Charge on colloidal particles ● Emulsions ● Preservation and use of colloids aerosols ● Forms and emulsions

Molecular structure and spectroscopy-

● Dipole moment and its application in molecular structure representation ● Infrared and Raman spectroscopy and its application in structure presentation of molecules ● Nuclear Magnetic resonance and electron spin resonance Spectroscopy and its application in structure representation of molecules

Thermodynamics and thermochemistry-

● Zeroth and first laws of Thermodynamics ● enthalpy ● Internal energy ● First law of Thermodynamics and its application ● Work done by an ideal gas in isothermal reversible expansion ● Joule Thomson coefficient ● Reaction enthalpy( heat of combustion, heat of transmission, enthalpy of neutralization, enthalpy of atomisation and heat exchange etc.) ● Hess’s Law of constant heat addition and its applications ● Bond energy ● Second law of thermodynamics – carrot cycle, ● Entropy change, Physical interpretation of Entropy, entropy change in isothermal reversible expansion of ideal gas, entropy change in Irreversible processes ● Free energy( Gibbs and Helmholtz) Maxwell relationship ● Partial molar quantities( chemical potentials) Gibbs Duhen relation ● Clausius- Clapeyron Equation and Gibbs- Helmholtz equation.

Molecular/ statistical thermodynamics-

● Partition functions and their significance ● Relation between partition function and thermodynamic function: translational, rotational, vibrational and electronic partition functions, ● Derivation of thermodynamic properties like translational, rotational, vibrational and electronic for ideal gases.

Surface chemistry-

Adsorption – ● Physical and chemical adsorption, ● Langmuir adsorption isotherm ● isotherm curves ● BET equation and its uses

Physical photochemistry–

● Primary and secondary processes ● Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence ● Phosphorescence and fluorescence ● Photochemical decomposition of hydrogen iodide ● Principles of chemical laser ● Catalytic homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis ● Enzyme catalysis.

Solutions-

● Ideal and non-ideal solution ● Molecular properties of Roult’s-Law ● Qualitative properties of solutions( osmotic pressure, relative lowering in vapour pressure, elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing point). ● Determination of molecular weight of insoluble solute in a solution ● Abnormal colligative properties.

Nuclear chemistry-

● Basic particles and their classification ● Nuclear force ● Fluid of atomic nuclei ● Droplet and base model ● Nuclear stability ● Energy transformation in nuclear reactions ● Concept of nuclear fragmentation ● Nuclear Fission and fusion reactions

Chemical kinetics-

● Order and molecularity of chemical reactions and derivation of rate constants for first and second order reaction and its unit ● Effect of temperature on rate constants (Arrhenius equation) ● Methods of determining the order of reaction ● Factors affecting rate of chemical reactions and active-hybrid theory-

Chemical equilibrium-

● Relationship between Kp and Kc ● Law of mass action and its application for dissociation of PCl5 ● formation of HI and NH3 , and dissociation of CaCO3 , NH4SH. ● Le Chatelier’s Principle- Its application in chemical and physical equilibrium ● Vant’s hoff equation.

Phase equilibrium-

● Phase rule ● Phase diagram for one component system and its applications.

Electrochemistry-

● Electrolytic conductance ● Arrhenius theory of electrolysis ● Ostwald dilution law ● Theory of strong electrolytes ● Debye-Falkenhage n and Wien effects. ● Accessibility and its determination ● Kohlrausch law of independent Migration of ions ● Applicability of conductivity measurement ● Mobility and ionic strength ● Mean ionic activity coefficient ● Debye-Huckle limiting law ● Electrochemical cell ● Electromotive force of reversible and Irreversible electrode in a single compartment ● Nernst equation ● Standard electrode potential ● Applications of electromotive force ● Oxygen hydrogen fuel cell.

Ionic Equilibrium-

● Solubility product ● Water dissociation of salts ● pH, pOH and pK (pKa and pKb ) of Buffer solutions ● Theory of indicators.

B) Inorganic chemistry

Atomic structure-

● Wave particle dualism ● Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle ● Schrodinger wave equation ● Atomic orbitals ● Quantum numbers ● linear and angular potential distribution curves ● Shape of s, p and d orbitals ● Aufbau’s rule and the exclusion principle of Pauli ● Electronic configuration and Hund’s law of elements ● Study of the long form of the periodic table- characteristic features, ● Periodic properties- atomic and ionic radii, ionization energies, electron affinity and electronegativity and their tendency in the periodic table ● Chemical bonding- ionic bonding- lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle, solvation energy, Solubility of ionic solids, covalent nature of ionic bonding (Fajans’ Rule) covalent bonding- valence bonding and molecular orbital theory of covalency ● Molecular orbital analysis ● Hybridization and morphology of simple inorganic molecules and ions of homogeneous nuclear and heterogeneous nuclear molecules (CO, HFNO only). ● Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR) and its application in NH3, H3O+, SF6 and IF7.

s-block elements–

● General characteristics ● Chemistry of Lithium and beryllium ● Exceptional behaviour and diagonal relationships

p-block elements-

● Electronic configuration and general trend of periodic properties ● Composition and structure of Nitrogen Phosphorus and sulphur oxides and their oxy acids ● Chemistry of phosphagens silicates, silicones, diboranes, inter halogens, and poly halides ● Formation, properties and uses of the following compounds- heavy water, microcosmic salts, plaster of Paris, potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, sodium thiosulphate, hydrogen, hydroxyl amine, albumen and bleaching powder.

d-block elements–

● Characteristic properties of elements of 3d- block ● Comparison of elements of 4d and 5d Block with elements of 3d block

Chemistry of coordination compounds-

● Werner theory ● IUPAC naming ● Coordination isomerism ● Principles of metal ligand bonding in transition metal complexes ● Effective atomic number (EAN) rules and valence bond theory ● Crystal field theory ● Crystal field splitting in tetrahedral and octahedral complexes ● Crystal field stabilization energy(CFSE) only for d1 – d9 Configuration (magnetic behaviour of transition metal complexes), L-coupling and orbital contribution of magnetic moment ● Thermodynamic profile of the stability of metal complexes ● Substitution reactions in square planar complexes ● Electronic spectrum ● Types of electronic transition ● Selection rules for d-d transition ● Spectroscopic ground state and spectrochemical range ● Orgel energy level diagram for d 1 – d 9 states.

f-block elements-

● Lanthanides electronic configuration ● Oxidation States comparative study in terms of atomic and ionic radii and complex formation ● Principle of separation of lanthanides ● magnetic and spectroscopic properties of Lanthanide compounds ● Antinides general characteristics and Chemistry of antinides ● Chemistry of separation of Np, Pu, Am, F m, and U.

Organometallic chemistry-

● Definition, nomenclature and classification.

Bio inorganic chemistry-

● Biological role of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions (Ca2+ with special reference) ● Metal porphyrin complex- hemoglobin and myoglobin.

(C) Organic chemistry

General organic chemistry-

● Orbital diagram of general organic molecules- methane, ethane, ethene ethyne and Benzene ● Inductive effect, hyperconjugation effect, mesomeric effect, resonance and their effect on the acidity and basicity of organic compounds ● Classification and nomenclature of organic compounds( both aliphatic and aromatic).

Reaction mechanism-

● Methods of organic reactions ● Homogeneous and heterogeneous cleavages, ● Electrophile, nucleophile and free radical. ● Mechanism of aliphatic substitution, addition and elimination reactions.

Stereochemistry-

● Structural isomers and stereoisomers ● Conformational analysis of isomerism (Ethane and n-butane only),

Organic synthesis-

● Properties of synthesis of alkyl, alkene, alkyne, alkyl halide, Alcohols, aldehydes, Ketone and carboxylic acids and their derivatives (methodology should also be given at the appropriate place) ● Method of preparation of Grignard reagent and its application ● active methylene compounds- aceto acetic Ester and malonic Ester and keto-enol taut omerism.

Carbohydrate-

● Classification of ring structure and configuration of glucose and fructose ● Mutarotation carbohydrate, inter-conversion of functional groups.

Aromatic compounds-

● Common methods of synthesis of aromatic compounds- aromatic Hydrocarbons, electrophilic aromatic substitution-Nitration, halogenation, sulfonation, Friedel-Crafts reactions (alkylation and acylation reactions). ● Formation and properties of chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, aniline, phenol benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, benzene sulphonic acid, thallic acid, salicylic acid and cinnamic acid organic compounds.

Heterocyclic-

● Asymmetric cyclic compounds- synthesis, furan, pyrole, thiophene, pyridine, quinoline and Aromatic characteristics of Isoquinoline, Poly-nuclear Aromatic CompoundsNaphthalene, Anthracene and Phenanthracene.

Alicyclic Compounds-

● Cycloalkanes- Normal Synthesis Bayer’s Deformation. Cyclohexane : Boat and chair form Reactive intermediate- preparation, structure and reaction of carbocation, carbanion, free radical, carbene nitrene and benzynes.

Alkaloid-

● Basicity of general Organic compounds, Hoffman methylation, structure and synthesis of nicotine And Piperine, amino acids, peptides, and protein formation and its properties.

Polymer-

● Type of Polymers and polymerization process ● manufacture and use of following polymers- natural and synthetic rubber, Teflon, fricyan and polystyrene, palamidrush Synthesized fibre polyesters, polyacylates and rayon, ● dyes-color, modern ideas malachite green, synthesis of chlorencin and methylarenchose, composition and synthesis of indigo and structure and synthesis of alizarin.

Drugs, Medicines, Antibiotics & Agro-chemicals-

● Classification of drugs, antibiotics and agrochemicals, aspirin, Paracetamol, phenylbutazone, sulphanilamide, sulphagunidine, sulphapyridine, sulphathiazole, chloroquine, primaquine P.A.S., chlorapamycin and streptomycin, patathion, malathion, gamazine, DDT synthesis and their use.

Vitamins and hormone-

● Chemical composition and animal Botanical work of Vitamin A, B and C and thyroxine and estrone and their biological importance.

#Best Coaching for CSIR-NET Chemical Science, Gate Chemistry, IIT-JAM Chemistry, PGT/TGT Chemistry and other chemistry oriented exam in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.